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Newsvine Q&A: Second Generation Americans

Hi, I'm Paul Cuadros, Assistant Professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication,
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and author of "A Home on the Field: How One Championship Soccer Team Inspires Hope for the Revival of Small Town America".

This week, the NBC Nightly News' "We the People: The Changing Face of America" series will feature one of my soccer players, Oz Contreras, who exemplifies the struggles of the second generation Americans who, as the only bridge between their parents and the newly adopted home, have to learn to thrive in both worlds.

Chances are, you or is someone you know a second-generation American and will be able to relate to some of the issues raised in the series. And as the report suggests, there are well-known challenges to assimilation, but there are advantages, too.

I'll be available to discuss your questions about these and other issues related to immigration starting Thursday, Oct. 16 at 10:00 ET. Please feel free to submit your questions in advance.

For those of you visiting Newsvine for the first time, please know that Newsvine is a social news Web site designed for members to participate in thoughtful discussions about news-related topics. Feel free to take a look at the Newsvine Code of Honor, a short list of standards that existing members hold themselves to here.

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{"commentId":3502244,"authorDomain":"tang"}

Hmmm... I'm a little confused by the term "second generation Americans".  I consider myself to be a first generation American (the first generation to be born in the US), and so I understand the issue you are posing, namely - that children of immigrant parents tend to face issues with bridging the gap between what they know as "the societal norm" and the culture brought to the US by their parents.  I guess maybe it's a difference in terminology.  Anyhow, I find it interesting that you're focusing on Oz Contreras' story, since sports is one area that presented a disconnect between what was important to me growing up and the values held by my parents' generation.  My parents grew up in war torn mainland China, and participation in sports by children was not even a luxury there, it almost did not even exist.  Yet, when I was a wee lad I wanted to play just about every sport available to me.  Many of my friends who were also first generation born Americans had parents who frowned upon the desire to play sports, preferring for their children to focus on school and studies.  I was lucky enough to have parents who supported endeavors that weren't even fathomable by them during childhood, and so was able to play many of the sports that interested me.  

This and many other issues face the children of immigrants in America, and I appreciate you bringing the discussion to Newsvine.

What, if anything, should the parents of first generation Americans remember when raising their children in an environment so different from that of their own upbringing?

{"commentId":3502244,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"tang"}
  • 4 votes
Reply#1 - Wed Oct 15, 2008 8:05 PM EDT
{"commentId":3520907,"authorDomain":"deatienza"}

It's generally accepted (in academic circles at least) that "first generation" is the generation that immigrated here and became Americans, and the "second generation" is the generation born as Americans.

My parents who came here from the Philippines are first, I am second since I was born in Ohio, and my sister is sort of "1.5" since she was born in the Philippines, but moved here when she was a small child and grew up in American culture.

 I was lucky enough to have parents who supported endeavors that weren't even fathomable by them during childhood, and so was able to play many of the sports that interested me.  

This and many other issues face the children of immigrants in America, and I appreciate you bringing the discussion to Newsvine.

What, if anything, should the parents of first generation Americans remember when raising their children in an environment so different from that of their own upbringing?

It's intresting in that a lot of Filipinos, especially in the Midwest, tried specifically to have their children grow up as "American" as possible, to the extent that many of us don't really know the language even though our parents speak it to each other at home. The Philippines is an interesting case though as a former territory of the U.S. that counts English as one of its official languages and for a while (and possibly still) suffered from a sort of "colonial consciousness" regarding America.

{"commentId":3520907,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"deatienza"}
  • 3 votes
#1.1 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 8:34 AM EDT
{"commentId":3521560,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

Many immigrant families want their kids to grow up as "Americans" as possible, almost a hyper-American identity. I think the thinking is that quick assimilation means quick success or fewer problems down the road. There is some truth to this but there is also loss. I think this is one of the areas where Latino immigrants differ from other groups. The need to preserve Spanish as a speakable language in the home. In the segment, Oz speaks perfect English but his parents want him to speak Spanish at home.

This has become a contentious issue in some communities with large numbers of Latinos and signs and documents in Spanish. But the fact remains the studies show that first generation Latin immigrants are dominant Spanish speakers, second generation, like Oz, split the languages pretty evenly, and third generation, Oz's kids one day, will be dominate English speakers. The patterns still hold true.

{"commentId":3521560,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 3 votes
#1.2 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 8:59 AM EDT
{"commentId":3538183,"authorDomain":"SHICKS"}

i don't agree that Latinos are "different from other groups" as far as language and assimilation is concerned.  My grandmother came from Germany.  There was no special language classes in her school...there was no literature specialy printed for her and the rest of the family.  My Great-grandmother relied on her to do just what is being shown on TV - act as interperter for the family.  She learned english but she also spoke German at home.  I don't see any difference what is going on with the Latinos then there are with any other immigrants - buy the way, my grandmother came over between WWI and WWII - try speaking only German during that period of time!!!!

{"commentId":3538183,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"SHICKS"}
  • 2 votes
#1.3 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 5:28 PM EDT
Reply
{"commentId":3510778,"authorDomain":"cynthiajoyce"}


The "is it first- or second-generation?" thing has been a subject of much discussion in the newsroom...I'd always considered myself 'first generation' also (my parents moved here from Quebec in the '60s), but I'm told by the folks who researched this extensively that my parents are the first generation. Hmmm...

What I liked about Wednesday's report was the focus on the language gap - to this day, I wonder how different my communication with my mom might be had we shared the same first language (not that we don't communicate well...but let's just say growing up there was plenty of room for miscommunication!). And my sister and I always laugh about how we manage to turn even the most common American colloquialisms into malaprops...I'm sure that comes from growing up in a bilingual home.

{"commentId":3510778,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"cynthiajoyce"}
  • 4 votes
Reply#2 - Wed Oct 15, 2008 11:21 PM EDT
{"commentId":3514675,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

I am in the same category as Oz, born here of immigrant parents from Peru. I can tell you that Oz struggled to convince his parents to let him try out for the soccer team. He did it by saying it would make him a more well rounded candidate for a university and it worked. But after he began playing, his parents really got into seeing him play. They got more involved in the school because he got more involved. The soccer team at Jordan Matthews has been a real bridge for these families to develop deeper ties to the community and to feel like a part of it.

I think parents should remember to let their children take advantage of everything our schools and society offers, from learning to sports to music. We have so much abundance here. They need to let their kids take advantage of it. I remember talking about this with my dad when I told him I wanted to be a writer. A scary thing for any parent to hear from their kid, let alone an immigrant family that pushes achievement. But he believed in me. He wanted me to have the freedom to choose my own destiny and life that he never had--even if it meant not becoming a lawyer. And I know later, for him it was a bit of living the dreams he couldn't achieve through me. But the lesson is to let your children have free reign of that freedom to be who they need to be.

{"commentId":3514675,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 2 votes
Reply#3 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 12:25 AM EDT
{"commentId":3520968,"authorDomain":"deatienza"}

I remember talking about this with my dad when I told him I wanted to be a writer. A scary thing for any parent to hear from their kid, let alone an immigrant family that pushes achievement. But he believed in me. He wanted me to have the freedom to choose my own destiny and life that he never had--even if it meant not becoming a lawyer.

One of the most terrifying moments of my college career was freshman year when I called my dad to tell him I wanted to switch majors from computer science into something in the humanities (I eventually finished with a degree in journalism.) The fear turned out to be unncessary as he was incredibly supportive.

{"commentId":3520968,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"deatienza"}
  • 3 votes
#3.1 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 8:37 AM EDT
Reply
{"commentId":3514840,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

One of the things that the segment today and yesterday's gets into a little bit is the idea that the country is changing demographically. Siler City, NC has changed dramatically in the past 15 years. It has gone from having a 1 percent population of Latinos in 1990 to today having more than 50 percent Latinos in the town. All across America, this same demographic change is being played out. Sometimes in acrimony and confusion and anger. Are your communities seeing this change and how are your towns handling it?

{"commentId":3514840,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 2 votes
Reply#4 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 12:28 AM EDT
{"commentId":3521122,"authorDomain":"chum"}

My mom is from Brazil, and my father is (was?) American. My father didn't want my mother to teach us Portuguese (which I still resent). My mother has always been fearless--an incredible role model. We were all expected to go to college and be anything we wanted to be. My mother lost touch with family for many years because her father died when she was young and they were farmed out to different families. She reconnected in the last decade and is actually off for another four-month visit soon. I still haven't been to Brazil--one of my regrets. I want to go with my mom in the next year. 

{"commentId":3521122,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"chum"}
  • 3 votes
Reply#5 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 8:43 AM EDT
{"commentId":3521731,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

Many families want to keep those touchstones, those roots with their family's past. Our world is getting smaller and we want those connections. They are a part of us. Language is a significant part of that because it can define a piece of who you are. I hope you can go to Brazil, a beautiful country with incredible people, and also visit some of the other amazing places in South America, Argentina, Peru, etc.

{"commentId":3521731,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 3 votes
#5.1 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 9:05 AM EDT
Reply
{"commentId":3523917,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

Hello and welcome! This is a discussion on immigration in America with a special focus on second generation new Americans. But please feel free to comment and add to the discussion on immigration in general here as well.

{"commentId":3523917,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 1 vote
Reply#6 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 10:08 AM EDT
{"commentId":3524516,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

Hi I am still here and will carry on. The NBC News story presents the story of one high school second generation kid named Oz in a little town of about 8,000 called Siler City, NC. The thing is Siler City is a poultry processing town--the major employer and slaughters tens of thousands of chickens every day. Latinos began arriving to Siler City in the 1990s to fill the plants. Today, the population is more than 50 percent Latino.

One thing that people who are interested in immigration fail to understand is that agribusiness is deeply involved in the migration of people to work in rural areas in the U.S. and is or has been the catalyst for cultural and demographic change. Check out today's story in the New York Times about Grand Island, Neb and how after ICE raided the plant and took away some 200 Latino immigrant workers for being in the country illegally, the company brought in refugees from Somali to take over those positions. The result has been more confusion and consternation as the company and the town have to adjust to the unique needs of these new immigrants.

A discussion on immigration cannot be done without one that also looks at labor and big business. Thoughts?

{"commentId":3524516,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 2 votes
Reply#7 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 10:25 AM EDT
{"commentId":3525329,"authorDomain":"deatienza"}

A discussion on immigration cannot be done without one that also looks at labor and big business. Thoughts?

That's also something that's been going on since the 19th century. Chinese workers completed U.S. railroads and when immigration quotas were imposed on the Chinese, Japanese workers were recruited to fill out the migrant farm work on the west coast. After the Gentleman's Agreement with Japan limited Japanese immigrants, Filipinos and Mexicans were used up and down the Pacific coast, resulting in no small amount of race-based violence in the early 20th century. Migrant immigrant labor still largely powers big agribusiness in those areas. Unskilled labor has always been a flashpoint when race-relations are concerned as business always wants to drive down the cost of labor and American workers have the bargaining power to stand against that.

Men like Richard Trumka, though show real hope that the modern labor movement can work past divisions and unite workers.

{"commentId":3525329,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"deatienza"}
  • 3 votes
#7.1 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 10:48 AM EDT
{"commentId":3525719,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

What few people realize about the migration of Latinos in the later part of the 20th century were the efforts by agribusiness to foster and recruit and provide incentives for workers from Mexico to come and work in the meatpacking and poultry plants. In some cases, companies transported workers from the border to these small towns in rural America. With the crackdown on illegal immigration, companies are turning to refugees to fill these jobs Americans will no longer do.Enforcement has focused on the workers and their children, but rarely on the managers and owners of these companies. And vitriol by restrictionists have followed suit.While the origins of the migration are not widely known, the impact is being felt everywhere. The country is changing. I don't think this is a question of "jobs Americans will no longer do" but rather "jobs that Americans no longer aspire their children to do." There is a big difference. So, how do we find the labor for jobs where American families do not want their children growing up to do?

{"commentId":3525719,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 2 votes
#7.2 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 10:58 AM EDT
Reply
{"commentId":3525800,"authorDomain":"sherri-t-murrell"}

Hey Paul.  In our work in the Public Defender's Office in Chatham County, NC, my co-workers and I rountinely work with families in which the children (sometimes still in grade school) interpret for their parents.  We try to avoid this by using the services of several wonderful interpreters in our area.  This, however, requires some planning and does not cover impromptu phone calls, or office visits, or times when there is no intepreter available in the courtroom.   I feel for these kids not just because they have the burden bridging in the gap, but they are also saddled with information that they may not otherwise be aware about their parents.   It is a difficult situation.  Do the parents have some responsibility to try to keep this from happening?  Probably.  But, I also think our public institutions (which I am a part of) have not adequately addressed the fact that we have a growing number of native spanish speakers in our community and we have known this for quite a long time.

{"commentId":3525800,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"sherri-t-murrell"}
  • 1 vote
Reply#8 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 11:01 AM EDT
{"commentId":3526434,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

This does present a burden to the kids--as Oz confesses in the NBC piece. My personal experience, I played this role in my family, is that it makes a kid grow up faster. No kid wants to learn that their parents can't make the rent or car payment one month. That insecurity is disturbing to a child, even a teenager as it burdens them much too soon for adult worries. But many kids go through this. I have a kid on the soccer team right now that told me he was going to miss practices from now on because his mom lost her job and he needed to work extra hours after school.

This has been hard on public institutions especially in light of the backlash against Latino immigrants today. Many are now reluctant to provide translators or material in Spanish to help out these families because of the rabid anti-immigrant and anti-illegal immigrant and anti-Hispanic restrictionists in our communities. This is, of course, cutting off your nose to spite your face.

But communities are doing their best to resolve this. One thing to remember the language barrier is a generational one. Oz speaks perfect English and Spanish. But his kids will be dominant English speakers with a little Spanish. I know this. I am seeing it among the soccer players right now.

{"commentId":3526434,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 2 votes
Reply#9 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 11:18 AM EDT
{"commentId":3528085,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

Ok, folks. This discussion was scheduled from 10 am until noon and it is almost noon. I will check in periodically during the day to add anything else that people respond to.

I want to leave you all with one thought: kids like Oz exist in every town in America today, living between two worlds and trying to do the best they can for themselves and their families. They are the heart of this country's spirit and the true well from which the American Dreams springs from. Often they are alone in their education, navigating through the system's waters by themselves and applying to college. If there is a scholarship program that can help them near you, think about contributing. Your investment in these kids will pay off.

Hope hear from you all soon.

Paul

{"commentId":3528085,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 1 vote
Reply#10 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 12:02 PM EDT
{"commentId":3528130,"authorDomain":"sherri-t-murrell"}

While I think it is great that subsequent generations become proficient English speakers, I think it is unfortunate to see them loose the Spanish.  I think the best situation would be to see many generations of bilingual Americans.  I am very excited by the growing immigrant population in our area and am hopeful that my English speaking children may be bilingual (or much closer to it than their parents!).   Our oldest child attends a Spanish immersion daycare and loves it.  We are hopeful that she will be able to continue by enrolling in a dual language program in one of elementary schools in the county.  We are excited not just about the exposure to Spanish but also about the expanded cultural experiences that she is having and we hope that she will continue to have. 

{"commentId":3528130,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"sherri-t-murrell"}
  • 1 vote
Reply#11 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 12:03 PM EDT
{"commentId":3544198,"authorDomain":"LAUHAL63"}

This article & video came at the perfect time for me.  I'm on a committee at school and we are working on ways to help our transfer families (mostly recent immigrants).  This was really helpful.  I've e-mailed the video link to the committee members.

{"commentId":3544198,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"LAUHAL63"}
  • 3 votes
Reply#12 - Thu Oct 16, 2008 11:09 PM EDT
{"commentId":3545235,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

You may also wish to consider reading my book, A Home on the Field, How One Championship Team Inspires Hope for the Revival of Small Town America. The book tells the story of Siler City, NC and the struggle the town has in accepting an influx of Latino immigrants through the lives of a predominantly Latino high school soccer team. The story of the Jets is inspiring and poignant in describing how a community grapples with immigration and how newcomers, kids, struggle with finding a place of their own in a new country. You can find it on amazon.com or if you want to learn more go to www.ahomeonthefield.com. Best.

Paul

{"commentId":3545235,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
  • 1 vote
#12.1 - Fri Oct 17, 2008 1:01 AM EDT
{"commentId":3546599,"authorDomain":"LAUHAL63"}

Thanks, Paul.  I will check it out. :)

{"commentId":3546599,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"LAUHAL63"}
  • 2 votes
#12.2 - Fri Oct 17, 2008 7:17 AM EDT
Reply
{"commentId":3545023,"authorDomain":"xwood"}

How about us that came from a dictator of WW2 who harassed us right here in America? We were left on our own, the ethnic community was not an option. As children we had to forgo, everything that makes for a supportive family. Parents were busy in saving their loved ones in their country who were threatened with death and hunger. We were brought up in secret in order that we did not divulge too much. We did not have the benefit of community, extended family such as aunts or uncles to comfort us, or family story telling, nor guidance to the new culture. We were left on our own and have been so ever since. Yet, we see recent immigrants from our birth country that did all kinds of sadistic acts allowed to come here. We suffered because of them and we are not recognized for the unnecessary victimization and in fact we are further abused and misunderstood by the dominant culture. Yet, many of us still have heart and we still help our fellow human beings. Immigration is too often based on whether one is healthy, wealthy and wise and not based on the bases of need and how decent the person is on the bases of the Conscience.

{"commentId":3545023,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"xwood"}
    Reply#13 - Fri Oct 17, 2008 12:30 AM EDT
    {"commentId":3568033,"authorDomain":"anitahhackman"}

    I was very interested in the story tonight ,about selling potato peelers on Park Ave. I have a lot in common with this person, grew up in London during world war II and my Dad sold watches in the street all his life.

    {"commentId":3568033,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"anitahhackman"}
      Reply#14 - Sat Oct 18, 2008 8:09 PM EDT
      {"commentId":3568093,"authorDomain":"anitahhackman"}

      I was  very interested in the story of selling potato peelers on Park Ave, I to grew up in London during world war II, and my Dad sold watches all his life on the street in London.

      {"commentId":3568093,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"anitahhackman"}
        Reply#15 - Sat Oct 18, 2008 8:16 PM EDT
        {"commentId":3568165,"authorDomain":"anitahhackman"}

        Would like to recieve a reply to my comment on potato peelers

        {"commentId":3568165,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"anitahhackman"}
          #15.1 - Sat Oct 18, 2008 8:25 PM EDT
          {"commentId":3609073,"authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}

          I didn't see the segment. Tell me more?

          {"commentId":3609073,"threadId":"389636","contentId":"1996901","authorDomain":"paulcuadros"}
            #15.2 - Tue Oct 21, 2008 1:12 PM EDT
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